The latest 2024 “Rainbow Map” released by ILGA-Europe shows Romania at the bottom of the European Union rankings for LGBTQ+ rights. This marks a significant change, as Poland, which had held the worst position for six years, has now improved slightly. The Brussels-based organization compiles this annual index by examining hate crime rates, legal protections, and government policies affecting LGBTQ+ individuals across Europe.
Romania’s low score highlights ongoing struggles faced by the LGBTQ+ community in the country. In contrast, Malta, Belgium, and Iceland topped the rankings as some of the most supportive nations for LGBTQ+ rights. ILGA-Europe’s 2024 report reflects new data on legal protections and growing public hostility or acceptance across the continent. While the change in rankings signals hope for progress, activists caution that many countries still face fragile conditions for LGBTQ+ people.
Poland’s Shift: Progress Amid Lingering Challenges
Poland’s ranking improved after the 2023 parliamentary elections shifted the country’s political landscape. Despite this, the new government has yet to introduce or pass significant reforms promised during the campaign. Over recent years, Polish leaders, including Jarosław Kaczyński, the chair of the ruling Law and Justice party (PiS), frequently attacked what they termed “LGBTQ+ ideology.” Kaczyński warned in 2021 that LGBTQ+ rights symbolized a decline in Western values and framed the issue as part of broader cultural conflicts in global power dynamics.
Despite harsh rhetoric, ILGA-Europe’s report noted fewer obstacles for pride marches and public LGBTQ+ events in 2023. Poland saw more than 35 peaceful pride marches last year, indicating increased tolerance in some areas. However, the report also criticized the inadequate security provided to protect these events from threats and harassment. Activists acknowledge these symbolic victories but emphasize the urgent need for concrete legal protections.
End of “LGBT-Free Zones” in Poland
A significant development in Poland this year was the official abolition of the last remaining “LGBT-free zone.” These zones, first declared six years ago, were symbolic statements by local governments that aimed to marginalize and isolate LGBTQ+ communities. At their peak, over 80 such zones existed in Poland, drawing criticism from both domestic and international groups.
The European Parliament condemned these zones in a 2019 resolution, calling them discriminatory and harmful. Activists welcomed their removal but stressed that eliminating the zones is only a first step. They warn that this symbolic rollback should not replace real legal reforms or protections.
Public opinion polls also suggest growing acceptance of LGBTQ+ rights in Poland. An Ipsos+ survey found that 67% of Poles support same-sex marriage or legal partnerships. Despite this, two civil partnership bills introduced in parliament recently failed to pass due to resistance from conservative lawmakers. The ruling coalition has struggled to gather enough votes to move these bills forward. LGBTQ+ advocates continue to push for nationwide legal recognition and protections for same-sex couples.
The Broader European Picture
The ILGA-Europe Rainbow Map also sheds light on the varied situations across the EU. Malta, Belgium, and Iceland lead the way in supporting LGBTQ+ rights with strong laws protecting individuals from discrimination and hate crimes. These countries have enacted inclusive policies, allowing for marriage equality, adoption rights, and gender identity recognition.
In contrast, Eastern European countries tend to rank lower, facing challenges like limited legal protections, public hostility, and hate crimes. Romania’s position at the bottom of the list highlights ongoing difficulties with discrimination and a lack of comprehensive rights for LGBTQ+ people.
ILGA-Europe’s findings also note that while some countries have made legislative gains, societal acceptance often lags behind. Hate crimes and violence remain concerns, especially in countries with conservative political climates.
Calls for Continued Action and Reform
Activists urge governments across Europe to do more than just improve rankings or hold symbolic events. They call for real changes to laws and policies that ensure equal rights, safety, and dignity for LGBTQ+ individuals.
“Symbolic victories like removing ‘LGBT-free zones’ are important,” said Maria Lopez, an LGBTQ+ rights advocate based in Brussels. “But we need concrete protections, better enforcement against hate crimes, and full legal recognition for all LGBTQ+ people.”
The 2024 Rainbow Map serves as a reminder of the work still needed across the continent. While some progress is evident, many LGBTQ+ communities remain vulnerable. The report encourages policymakers to prioritize equality and human rights, not only to improve rankings but to build safer, more inclusive societies.
Romania’s bottom ranking and Poland’s slight improvement both highlight key trends in LGBTQ+ rights across Europe. The changes show progress but also remind us of ongoing struggles. With public opinion shifting and activists pressing for reform, the coming years could bring important developments. However, continued vigilance and effort are needed to secure lasting equality.