Russia’s central bank has raised its key interest rate by 200 basis points, reaching an unprecedented 21%. This decisive action aims to curb soaring inflation, driven by increased government spending on military activities. The new rate, announced on Friday, is the highest since its introduction in 2013, surpassing the 20% level set in February 2022.
The central bank’s move targets inflation, which is rising faster than the economy’s ability to produce goods and services. Officials emphasized that domestic demand is outpacing the economy’s supply capacity. Inflation currently exceeds July’s forecasts, with inflation expectations also climbing.
Economic Context and Potential Future Measures
The central bank has hinted at possible additional rate hikes in December. Higher rates make borrowing more expensive, which could reduce consumer demand and ease price pressures. Despite inflationary challenges, Russia’s economy continues to grow, fueled by oil exports and military-related government spending.
Economic growth reached 4.4% in the second quarter of 2024. Unemployment remained low at 2.4%, and factories are operating at near-full capacity. Many factories have shifted production towards military goods to meet rising demand. Domestic manufacturers have also stepped in to fill gaps left by halted foreign imports due to international sanctions.
Oil Exports and Sanctions Evasion
Russia’s oil export revenues remain a critical source of government income, despite Western sanctions and price caps. Western countries imposed a $60 price cap to limit Russia’s oil revenue, enforced by restrictions on Western insurers and shipping firms. However, Russia’s strategy to bypass these restrictions includes using its own fleet of tankers and avoiding reliance on Western insurance.
In July alone, Russia’s oil exports generated an estimated $17 billion in revenue. Government revenues have been bolstered by steady oil and gas export income, supporting military spending and overall economic growth. The central bank’s decision to raise rates is part of a broader effort to balance inflation control with economic stability.